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spring steel
Spring steel refers to the special alloy steel used to manufacture all kinds of springs and other elastic elements, and refers to the steel specially used to manufacture springs and elastic elements because of its elasticity in quenching and tempering conditions.
Properties of spring steel		Spring steel has excellent comprehensive properties, Excellent metallurgical quality (high purity and uniformity), Good surface quality (strictly control surface defects and decarburization), Accurate shape and size.
Classification of spring steel		Carbon spring steel The carbon content (mass fraction) of carbon spring steel is generally 0.62%~0.90%. According to its manganese content, it can be divided into general manganese content (mass fraction) (0.50%~0.80%) such as 65, 70, 85 and higher manganese content (mass fraction) (0.90~1.20%) such as 65Mn. alloy spring steel Based on carbon steel, alloy spring steel can improve the mechanical properties, hardenability and other properties of steel by adding one or several alloy elements appropriately, so as to meet the requirements for manufacturing various springs. The basic composition series of alloy spring steel are silicon-manganese spring steel, silicon-chromium spring steel, chromium-manganese spring steel, chromium-vanadium spring steel, tungsten-chromium-vanadium spring steel and so on. On the basis of these series, some brands have added alloying elements such as molybdenum, vanadium or boron to improve their performance in some aspects. In addition, some brands are selected as spring steels from other steels, such as high-quality carbon structural steel, carbon tool steel, high-speed tool steel and stainless steel.
Technological properties of spring steel		Springs are used under impact, vibration or long-term stress, so spring steel is required to have high tensile strength, elastic limit and high fatigue strength. Technically, it is required that the spring steel has certain hardenability, is not easy to decarburize, and has good surface quality, that is, high-quality carbon structural steel with a carbon content of 0.6%-0.9%. Alloy spring steels are mainly Si-Mn series steels, whose carbon content is slightly lower, and their properties are mainly improved by increasing the silicon content Wsi. In addition, there are alloy spring steels of Yong, W and V.. In recent years, combined with the resources of China and according to the requirements of new technology for automobile and tractor design, a new steel with boron, niobium and molybdenum added on the basis of silicon-manganese steel has been developed, which prolongs the service life of the spring and improves the quality of the spring.
Application example of spring steel
65, 70 and 85 steel grades		High strength, hardness and yield ratio can be obtained, but the hardenability is small, the heat resistance is not good, and the ability to bear dynamic load and fatigue load is low. It is widely used, but it is mostly used for small springs with low working temperature or relatively important large springs. Such as springs for automobiles, tractors, railway vehicles and general machinery. 65Mn has simple composition, better hardenability, comprehensive mechanical properties, decarbonization and other technological properties than carbon steel, but it is sensitive to overheating, has temper brittleness, is easy to crack after quenching, and has a low price and a large dosage. We can manufacture all kinds of small cross-section flat springs, round springs, clockwork, etc. We can also manufacture valve springs, spring rings, shock absorbers, clutch reeds, brake springs, etc.
55Si2Mn ,60Si2Mn ,60Si2MnA		Silicon content (Wsi) is high (the upper limit is 2.00%). High strength and good elasticity. Good stability against tempering. Easy to decarbonize and graphitize. The hardenability is not high. The main spring steels are widely used. Manufacture all kinds of springs, such as leaf springs, spiral springs of automobiles, locomotives and tractors, cylinder safety valve springs and some important springs working under high stress, and springs with serious wear. Because 55Si2MnB contains boron, its hardenability is obviously improved for the front and rear suspension springs and auxiliary springs of light and medium-sized cars. 55Si2MnB steel grade developed by China is better than 60Si2Mn steel in hardenability, comprehensive mechanical properties and fatigue performance. It is mainly used to manufacture leaf springs of medium and small cars, and has good application effect. It can also be used to make other leaf springs and spiral springs with medium cross-section size.
60Si2CrA 60Si2CrVA		High strength spring steel. High hardenability and good heat treatment process performance. Because of its high strength, after winding the spring, it is necessary to deal with and eliminate the internal stress in time to make an important large spring with large load. 60Si2CrA can be used to make steam turbine gland spring, regulating spring, condenser support spring, high pressure water pump disc spring and so on. 60Si2CrVA steel also makes extremely important springs, such as spring of conventional weapon's bullet hook and spring of crusher.
55CrMnA		The outstanding advantage of 60CrMnA is its good hardenability, in addition, its hot workability, comprehensive mechanical properties and decarburization resistance are also good. Various important springs with large cross sections, such as large leaf springs and spiral springs of automobiles and locomotives, etc.
60CrMnMoA		The hardenability is the highest among all kinds of existing spring steels. Mechanical properties, anti-tempering stability and so on are also good. Super-large springs used in large civil buildings, heavy vehicles, machinery and so on. The thickness of steel plate can reach more than 35mm, and the diameter of round steel can exceed 60mm.
50CrVA		A small amount of vanadium improves elasticity, strength, yield ratio and elastic reduction resistance, refines grains and reduces decarburization tendency. The carbon content is small, and its plasticity and toughness are better than other spring steels. All kinds of important spiral springs with high hardenability and good fatigue performance are especially suitable for springs with high working stress amplitude and strict fatigue performance requirements, such as valve springs, nozzle springs, cylinder expansion rings, safety valve springs, etc.
60CrMnBA		The hardenability is higher than 60CrMnA, and other flat springs, spiral springs and torsion springs with similar performance and larger size.
30W4Cr2VA		High strength heat-resistant spring steel. Good hardenability. Heat-resistant springs with good high-temperature relaxation resistance and hot working performance, such as steam turbine main steam valve spring, gland spring, boiler safety valve spring, 400t boiler disc valve spring, etc.

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